Ahmad Dahlan was a remarkable religious leader who turned the abstract teachings of the Qur’an into tangible social action. One of his most significant contributions was his interpretation and implementation of the Quranic surah, Al-Ma’un.
This short surah begins with a powerful question: “Do you know who denies the religion?” In this verse, religion is defined in very practical terms, focusing on caring for orphans and the poor. Ahmad Dahlan took this message and used it as the foundation for a large social movement.
His ideas developed into what is known as the “Theology of Al-Ma’un.” This theology emphasizes the importance of doing good, caring for others, and making a positive contribution to society, especially by helping those who are vulnerable or marginalized.
Ahmad Dahlan understood that the weak should never be mocked or looked down upon, as the Qur’an says: “O believers! Do not let some men ridicule others, they may be better than them, nor let some women ridicule other women, they may be better than them. Do not defame one another, nor call each other by offensive nicknames. How evil it is to act rebelliously after having faith! And whoever does not repent, it is they who are the true wrongdoers.” (Al-Hujurat: 11).
The Prophet Muhammad (SAW) also supported this view, saying, “Allah helps this nation through the weak among them, due to their prayers, fasting, and sincerity” (An-Nasai).
Ahmad Dahlan believed that the weak were not a burden on society, but rather a group that needed to be empowered through real and meaningful action. They deserved help, not humiliation.
This belief in caring for the weak led to the establishment of various social initiatives that became characteristics of Muhammadiyah. Ahmad Dahlan founded schools in remote areas to provide education to marginalized communities. Muhammadiyah hospitals were established to provide healthcare to all, regardless of social status. The organization also introduced several social and religious services to reach out to those in need.
Ahmad Dahlan’s work was not just about building social infrastructure; it was also about changing how society viewed religion. For him, religion was not just a set of beliefs, but a source of inspiration for creating a more just and compassionate society. Through the Theology of Al-Ma’un, Ahmad Dahlan left a lasting legacy: the understanding that caring for the vulnerable is a real and practical expression of religious faith.
