Various questions often arise when the month of Ramadan arrives. One of the most frequently asked concerns relates to actions that invalidate fasting.
Among these questions are: Does vomiting invalidate the fast? Does crying break the fast? Does a wet dream invalidate fasting? Does sexual intercourse break the fast? and many other related questions.
In response to such inquiries, Muhammadiyah, through Hisab View of Muhammadiyah and Guidelines for Worship during Ramadan issued by the Council of Religious Opinion and Reform of Muhammadiyah Central Board, has provided clear explanations.
Below are several actions that invalidate fasting according to Muhammadiyah:
1. Eating and Drinking
The most obvious acts that invalidate fasting are eating and drinking. One’s fast becomes invalid when something enters the body through the mouth or nose. These include swallowing food, drinking water, taking medication, or performing istinsyaq (drawing water into the nose during wudhu) excessively so that the water reaches the stomach.
Allah SWT states in the Qur’an Surah Al-Baqarah verse 187:
وَكُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْاَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْاَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِۖ
“And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread. Then complete the fast until nightfall…” [QS. al-Baqarah (2): 187]
2. Vomiting
Vomiting can invalidate the fast if it is done intentionally. However, unintentional vomiting does not break the fast.
This is based on a hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah, in which the Prophet Muhammad PBUH said:
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ – صلى الله عليه وسلم – – مَنْ ذَرَعَهُ الْقَيْءُ فَلَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ, وَمَنْ اسْتَقَاءَ فَعَلَيْهِ اَلْقَضَاءُ – رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ
“Whoever vomits unintentionally does not have to make up the fast. But whoever vomits intentionally must make up the fast.” [Narrated by Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidzi, and An-Nasa’i]
3. Menstruation
In Islam, women experience menstruation postpartum bleeding. Menstruation refers to the shedding of the uterine lining, while nifas is the blood that flows after childbirth.
If menstrual blood begins while a woman is fasting, her fast becomes invalid and must be made up (qadha) at another time.
This is based on a narration from ‘Aisyiyah radhiyallahu ‘anha who said:
كَانَ يُصِيبُنَا ذَلِكَ فَنُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّوْمِ وَلاَ نُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّلاَةِ.
“We used to experience menstruation, and we were commanded to make up the fasts, but we were not commanded to make up the prayers.” [HR. Muslim, no. 335]
4. Sexual Intercourse
Engaging in sexual intercourse (jima’) also invalidates the fast. If husband and wife have sexual relations during the daytime in Ramadan, it results in serious consequences.
Allah SWT says:
اُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ اِلٰى نِسَاۤىِٕكُمْ ۗ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَاَنْتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ اللّٰهُ اَنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ تَخْتَانُوْنَ اَنْفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنْكُمْ ۚ فَالْـٰٔنَ بَاشِرُوْهُنَّ وَابْتَغُوْا مَا كَتَبَ اللّٰهُ لَكُمْ ۗ وَكُلُوْا وَاشْرَبُوْا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْاَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْاَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِۖ ثُمَّ اَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ اِلَى الَّيْلِۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوْهُنَّ وَاَنْتُمْ عٰكِفُوْنَۙ فِى الْمَسٰجِدِ ۗ تِلْكَ حُدُوْدُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَقْرَبُوْهَاۗ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللّٰهُ اٰيٰتِهٖ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَّقُوْنَ
“It has been made lawful for you to be intimate with your wives during the nights of fasting. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them. Eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread. Then complete the fast until nightfall…” [QS. al-Baqarah (2): 187].
5. Masturbation
Intentionally causing the discharge of semen, whether by a man or a woman, invalidates the fast.
This is clarified in a hadith narrated by Abu Sa’id al-Khudri, in which the Prophet Muhammadiyah PBUH said:
عن أبي سعيد الحدري قال : قال رسول الله صلي الله علبه وسلم : ثَلَاث ٌلاَ يُفْطِرْنَ الصَّائِمَ : أَلحِجَامَةُ وَالْقَيْءُ وَاْلإِحْتِلاَمُ (رواه الترميذي والبيهقي)
“Three things do not invalidate the fast: cupping (hijamah), vomiting, and having a wet dream.” [HR. At-Tirmidzi and Al-Baihaqi].
Additional Reference:
https://www.ums.ac.id/berita/mimbar/7-hal-yang-membatalkan-puasa-umat-islam-harus-paham
