For those who have performed or are planning to perform Hajj and Umrah, the hills of Safa and Marwa are instantly recognizable. Located on the eastern side of the Masjid al-Haram, these two hills hold immense significance in the Islamic pilgrimage. These hills are integral to the rituals of Hajj and Umrah. There are several interesting facts about these two hills that are worth exploring.
Geography
Safa and Marwa are situated approximately 130 meters and 300 meters from the Ka’bah, respectively. Safa originally connected to the hill of Abu Qubays to the south, while Marwa was connected to the hill of Qa’ayqa’an to the north, facing Safa.
This geographic setup indicates that the Ka’bah is located in a barren valley filled with hills and sand, a landscape still observable till now in Makkah.
The separation of Safa and Marwa from the other hills occurred during the first expansion of Masjid al-Haram by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia around 1955-1956. This expansion integrated both hills into the precincts of Masjid al-Haram. Between these hills lies the path used for Sa’i, the ritual of walking back and forth between Shafa and Marwa, commonly referred to as Mas’a.
Decoding the Names
“Safa” derives from the word “shafa’” or “shafwan” or “shafwa’”, which means “gentle” or “pure.” In the context of the hill, it refers to a large, hard, smooth rock mixed with gravel and sand. Meanwhile, “Marwa” has two possible origins. One version attributes it to “mar’ah” (woman), commemorating Hajar, the mother of Ismail, who sought water for her son. Another version suggests that “Marwa” comes from “marwu”, indicating hills with white or bright stones. Historically, the stones from Marwa were used to spark fires.
Safa-Marwa, and Darul Arqam
In the past, Saafa and Marwa were not heavily populated due to their rocky and harsh terrain, making them unsuitable for building homes. However, the areas beneath these hills were inhabited by the people of Makkah. Notably, the house of al-Arqam bin Abi al-Arqam, known as Dar al-Arqam, was situated at the base of Safa hill.
Dar al-Arqam was a significant gathering place for Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his companions during the early, secret phase of his prophethood. It was here that the foundational teachings of Islam were imparted and where Umar bin Khaththab converted to Islam.
Due to its historical significance, the name Dar al-Arqam has been adopted for various Muhammadiyah programs and institutions, including mosques and Islamic boarding schools. Safa hill also holds historical importance as the starting point for the Prophet’s public preaching. It was from Safa that the Prophet (peace be upon him) called out “Ya Shobahah” to address the Quraysh tribe, only to face rejection from his uncle, Abu Lahab.
