As Muslims strive to become closer to the Qur’an, a common question arises: can a person perform prayer while reading directly from the Qur’an if they have not memorized the verses they wish to recite?
This question touches on two important aspects of worship. On one hand, prayer requires focus and devotion to Allah. On the other, Islamic law provides ease so believers can engage with the Qur’an according to their ability.
The differing opinions of scholars reflect the richness of Islamic jurisprudence in addressing the needs of the community.
Scholars Who Do Not Allow It
Some scholars do not permit praying while holding or reading from a mushaf. They argue that holding the Qur’an, turning pages, and constantly looking at the text may reduce concentration during prayer.
Some even consider these actions excessive movements that are not part of the prayer itself.
This view is based on the importance of maintaining khushu‘ (humble devotion). Allah says:
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ هُمْ فِي صَلَاتِهِمْ خَاشِعُونَ وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنِ اللَّغْوِ مُعْرِضُونَ
“Successful indeed are the believers, those who are humble in their prayers, and those who turn away from useless matters.” (QS. al-Mu’minun [23]: 1–3)
This verse shows that success depends not only on performing prayer but also on being fully present before Allah.
This principle is reinforced by the famous hadith about ihsan. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
أَنْ تَعْبُدَ اللهَ كَأَنَّكَ تَرَاهُ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ تَرَاهُ فَإِنَّهُ يَرَاكَ
“Worship Allah as if you see Him. If you do not see Him, then He surely sees you.” (HR. al-Bukhari)
This hadith emphasizes complete awareness of Allah during worship. For this reason, some scholars worry that reading from a mushaf may distract from the spiritual focus of prayer.
Other scholars do not prohibit the practice but consider it disliked (makruh). One reason they mention is the concern of resembling the worship practices of earlier religious communities.
However, this argument is generally considered weak. Reciting the Qur’an is already an established part of Islamic prayer. It is not comparable to reading an ordinary book or text.
The Majority Opinion: It Is Permissible
Most scholars allow reading from a mushaf during prayer, especially when there is a need. Their view is based on reports from the early generations of Muslims.
It is narrated:
عَنْ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ يَؤُمُّهَا عَبْدُهَا ذَكْوَانُ مِنَ الْمُصْحَفِ
“Aishah (ra) was once led in prayer by her servant Dhakwan, who recited from a mushaf.” (Reported by al-Bukhari in a mu‘allaq form and Ibn Abi Shaybah)
This report shows that reading from a mushaf during prayer was practiced by the Companions and the early generations.
For this reason, most scholars consider it permissible.
This ruling is especially relevant for those who have not memorized certain chapters or for imams who wish to recite long passages during Ramadan night prayers. In such cases, a mushaf can help ensure accurate recitation.
Islam Seeks Ease
Although permissible, reading from a mushaf should not become burdensome. A fundamental principle of Islamic law is ease, not hardship.
Allah says:
فَاقْرَءُوا مَا تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ
“So recite whatever is easy for you from the Qur’an.” (QS. al-Muzzammil [73]: 20)
This verse teaches that recitation should match a person’s ability and circumstances.
Not everyone has the same level of memorization. Some know many chapters by heart, while others are still learning. Islamic law accommodates both.
Therefore, a person who has not memorized certain verses may read them from a mushaf during prayer. However, they should avoid unnecessary movements and try to maintain concentration.
Even so, scholars agree that memorizing the Qur’an remains better than relying on a mushaf during prayer. Memorization allows a worshipper to focus more fully, keep their gaze toward the place of prostration, and devote their heart completely to Allah.
Reference:
Council for Religious Opinion and Reform of the Central Board of Muhammadiyah,, “Fatwa_01_2015_Shalat Membaca Mushaf Al-Qur’an”.
