MUHAMMADIYAH.OR.ID, EDINBURGH — Though nearly a millennium has passed since his death, the ideas of Imam Al-Ghazali continue to resonate with the modern world. Muhamad Rofiq Muzakkir, Secretary of the Muhammadiyah Council for Fatwa and Islamic Renewal, emphasized this point at the Tarjih Menjawab on Tuesday (March 26).
“Despite his widespread recognition, discussions about Imam Al-Ghazali’s work must continue,” Rofiq argued. “This ongoing conversation about past intellectual traditions is crucial for our communities, scholarship, and organization.”
Rofiq portrayed Al-Ghazali as a multifaceted figure who excelled in various areas. He was not only a renowned scholar but also a spiritual guide for navigating the challenges of the modern era. Additionally, his contributions in the realm of politics provided valuable insights for rulers. These diverse skills were unified by his commitment to a holistic approach to knowledge.
One of the most significant takeaways from Al-Ghazali’s work is the importance of maintaining an open mind while exercising critical thinking. He readily engaged with Greek philosophical traditions, but he also challenged ideas that deviated from Islamic principles. This scholarly model is particularly relevant today, as Muslims encounter a multitude of different schools of thought.
Rofiq addressed the misconception that the Muslim world’s decline stems from following Al-Ghazali’s teachings. This notion, he argued, is partially fueled by Al-Ghazali’s influential book, “Tahafut Al-Falasifah” (The Incoherence of the Philosophers). Rofiq clarified that Al-Ghazali wasn’t anti-philosophy or science.
“Ibn Khaldun, a prominent historian, credited Imam Al-Ghazali with introducing the philosophy of Ibn Sina to the Muslim world, albeit with subsequent critique,” Rofiq explained. “Similarly, Al-Ghazali’s autobiography reveals no rejection of science, with the exception of specific interpretations related to causality.”
One point of contention between Al-Ghazali and philosophers like Ibn Sina and Alfarabi was the concept of causality. These philosophers believed that every effect had a direct, efficient cause. In simpler terms, cause and effect were seen as inseparable. Al-Ghazali contested this absolute certainty, arguing that it diminished the role of God in the process. He emphasized that the relationship between cause and effect still existed, but ultimately functioned within the framework of God’s will.
Beyond academics, Rofiq highlighted Al-Ghazali’s valuable lessons in social and political spheres. Initially, Al-Ghazali held a position within the ruling circle. However, a personal spiritual crisis led him to embark on a period of wandering. Upon returning, he maintained a distance from the palace, occasionally offering critiques of those in power.
By remembering Al-Ghazali’s intellectual and spiritual legacy, Muslims are reminded of the importance of striking a balance between knowledge, spirituality, and social critique. This balance is key to building a just and civilized society. As Muslims navigate the complexities of the modern world, Al-Ghazali’s commitment to open inquiry and holistic understanding serves as a powerful inspiration, urging them to continue enriching their intellectual traditions.
